Legal Blackmail

More on the world of copyright infringement and threats to consumers. On January 26th 2010 Hansard records show a lively debate in the House of Lords concerning the Digital Economy Bill amendments. One of the hot issues in that was the bullying methods of copyright holders vis-à-vis internet consumers. Here is what Lord Lucas had to say about the practice of sending threatening letters to consumers asking them to cough up a payment in lieu of facing exorbitant charges in court defending themselves:

I had a very helpful letter this morning from ACS:Law Solicitors which, combined with what the Ministers were saying on the last occasion we discussed this, leads me to a greater understanding of their reluctance to deal with the practices that ACS:Law Solicitors is pursuing. They expect these practices to become standard. They expect this to be the way that our citizens will be treated. If people fall foul of this Bill, they will have a couple of warning letters, but after that they will get a typical ACS:Law Solicitors standard letter saying, “Pay us £500 or we will take you to court”. If they do not pay the £500, they will end up in court, there will be technical evidence against them, and they will have no ability to provide a technical defence. That is the difficulty that people faced with ACS:Law Solicitors have at the moment. There is this inequality of arms. They are in a civil court, with a 50:50 balance-of-probability judgment, and must contemplate risking thousands of pounds in mounting a defence when it is not easy to do that.

The problem in the UK was, for a long time that law firms like ACS:Law would offer their services to rightsholders who believed that they were victims of internet piracy and then would proceed to send letters to persons identified by their IP in which they threatened to take them to court unless they paid a sum of money up front.

You can read more about the “legal blackmail” here in Ars Tecnica. The constant pressure in Malta on dreambox owners is not far from this kind of reality. In this case private companies are building up the pressure on law enforcers to turn practically one third of the tv viewing public into instant criminals. They hope to get most of the satellite viewers to desist from their “illegal activity” by creating an atmosphere of worry and terror.  We look forward to see how far up the path they are willing to go.

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Labour's Redprint

From Ed to Joseph with love (inhobbok)… Here’s a summary of the main parts of Ed Miliband‘s new vision for New New Labour. It is advisable to familiarise oneself with these visions and terminology for you can expect Joseph Muscat and his Merry Band of Progressives to pilfer them like there is no tomorrow. (A bit like GonziPN and Sarkozy’s slogans). Not that the borrowing of a good idea is wrong – if it is a good idea that is – but that JM and his Merry Men will have no idea of whether or not the vision will work for Malta. They will just be happy to find something that sounds serious, looks marketable and contains the kind of populist promises to win over the ever so enigmatic “middle class“.

From today’s Independent here is Ed Miliband’s vision all set out for Muscat and his idea banks to clone:

New leader’s policy vision

Spending cuts

“I am serious about reducing our deficit… I won’t oppose every cut the Coalition proposes… But what we should not do is make a bad situation worse by embarking on deficit reduction at a pace that endangers our economic recovery.” This formulation is designed to help win back Labour’s credibility on the economy while giving Mr Miliband some wriggle room to amend Alistair Darling’s policy to halve the deficit over four years. Critics will accuse him of trying to have it both ways.

Low pay

“I believe not just in a minimum wage but the foundation of our economy in future must be a living wage.” A future Labour government could force employers to pay a “living wage” of about £7.60 an hour, rather than the minimum wage of £5.80 an hour. The move would be opposed by employers, but Mr Miliband will point out that their warnings about huge job losses before the minimum wage was introduced proved unfounded.

High pay

“The gap between rich and poor does matter. What does it say about the values of our society, what have we become, that a banker can earn in day what the care worker can earn in a year? Responsibility in this country shouldn’t just be about what you can get away with.” Mr Miliband supports a High Pay Commission to investigate the gap between top and bottom pay levels in the private and public sector.

Welfare

“There are those for whom the benefits system has become a trap.” Mr Miliband will oppose “arbitrary” benefit cuts proposed by the Coalition. But he is sympathetic to “tough and tender” reforms drawn up by James Purnell, the former work and pensions secretary, which were not supported by Gordon Brown.

Crime

“When Ken Clarke [the Justice Secretary] says we need to look at short sentences in prison because of high re-offending rates, I’m not going to say he’s soft on crime.” Mr Miliband’s support for Mr Clarke’s “prison isn’t working” approach marks a break with New Labour’s tough stance on crime.

So the living wage risks becoming a battleground for the next three years as Joseph Muscat will continue to harp on about the notion. Where will the money for the “living wage” adjustment come from Joseph? Will the taxpayer subsidise the employers to pay the employees? Or will the employers be expected to magicke the extra dosh out of thin air in order to pay for the years of abuse of the impoverished middle-class workers?

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The Times, the Dreambox and the Partitioning of a Market

Yesterday’s Times of Malta once again gave priority to a news item related to the Dreambox and satellite TV usage. According to the latest figures one third of Maltese TV viewers watch TV via satellite. The Times distinguishes between satellite and “internet based TV connections like Dreambox” but in actual fact a Dreambox based connection is still satellite dependent – the dreambox is a different form of decoder (that is as far as my limited level of technological knowledge can go) that uses internet to access certain channels. The article also highlighted a commendable campaign by nationalist MP David Agius for better access for football on television by consumers.

Although the article was a presentation of statistics, the title left little space for doubt since it combined the mention of satellite TV viewing with copyright issues. Here at J’accuse we have no doubt that the combined forces of Melita and Go – providers of cable tv – are busy stirring the waters in this regard by making sure that the Times carries such kind of headlines as instil doubt as to the legality of certain consumer choices. All’s fair in love and war they say and MelitaGO are entitled to use any legal means to win over their customers – and they will always find a ready ear among the very investigative journalists of the day. Unfortunately while they attempt to draw the attention to consumers and their purchases – and question the borderline legality of the use of dreambox (in actual fact it might be challenged only in certain circumstances – the dreambox is per se as illegal as a washing machine) – they engage in a bit of borderline legality themselves that is really begging for some answers.

True, consumers are given a choice between “packages” of Melita and Go at the beginning of a sports season. True, consumers can no longer consider access to all football games as a fundamental human right (although we are bloody close to achieving that status for the world cup matches). But what if the performance of the two service providers on the market is such that it does not allow for a normal, informed decision at the beginning of the footballing season? What if that performance includes the switching of packages between service providers within three year periods that drives the consumers crazy thanks to the inconvenience of having to keep up with the administrative side (costs and penalties as well as having to spend time dealing with the respective companies)?What if the virtual duopoly is substituting ransom and blackmail for customer loyalty.

What if… when all is accounted for… we are actually witnessing a virtual duopoly that obliges the consumer to buy ALL of its products if he is to satisfy his demand? It is up to the Competition Office to determine the answers to that question I guess.

Back to the Dreambox. It is not just useful for football actually. What happens, I ask, to a consumer who is willing to pay for a set of channels via satellite – let us say a UK based movie satellite channel – and that package is not legally available for purchase in Malta? What happens if that consumer can buy a decoder from the UK but not from Malta? I have my concerns about the application of EU law in this regard because what you have there is a service being denied to a legitimate customer in another member state. That is just the tip of the iceberg but surely consumers who avail themselves of alternative methods to gain access to programming when no legal method is available cannot suddenly become criminals overnight?

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I.M. Jack – La Grippe

A day spent in the grips of  La Grippe (the common cold) meant a workday lost and blog day lost. Incredibly there’s more news to comment on than ever before – the storm we predicted a while ago is here and thank heavens for that. Here’s the snippets that we love best on I.M. Jack.

1. Middle Class

Yep. He’s definitely fixated with it and he will not let go and I am not speaking about Ed Miliband – at least he has the excuse of being a neo-Marxist. It’s (Inhobbkom) Joseph and his toying with multiple ideas like revisiting Labour’s history (more like reinventing) and redefining social castes in some mind boggling effort to garner support. Then we have the “innovative” concept of “the living wage” which has the Labour supporters drooling head over heels for a concept first flagged by a long forgotten pope at the beginning of the 20th century. I tried to find out more about what the living wage really is and basically it turns out to be a wage that allows people to live by being able to afford their basic necessities plus a bit. It threw me back to the Great Stipend Survey of 1999 when our KSU studied the expenses and costs of living of 500 students in what was definitely the most detailed survey to date. We argued that a stipend should cover these basic necessities (from transport to hygiene) and thus allow students to be non-dependent while also keeping them out of the labour market. That was a stipend argument (stipends Joseph – not a wage from an employer combined with a parrinu) Joseph’s seems to be a duty of society towards those who currently do not do enough to justify an increase in wages. Funny how he believes that the disgruntled employers – angry at years of Nationalist cheek – will usher him in only to find that they are being asked to foot the bill for the special needs of their employees. Instead of creating better economic conditions for workers to work their way up the ladder Joseph Muscat’s government will pass on the burden of improved conditions to employers. Good luck with that.

2. VAT’s next?

Paul Borg Olivier is in a fix because he now faces charges for not filing a tax return on time. Or something administrative of the sort. Like Daphne and Harry before him he is a bit of a fix with the law but more than that he has a problem with the very standards he has been busy imposing within his own party. The chaps in charge seem to have suddenly caught a bout of collective amnesia and nobody within the PN seems to be asking PBO to step aside – at least until his fiscal worries are over. Now that’s weird – especially coming straight up after the exacting conditions PBO himself set on all and sundry in the council. “Dimech or your mother” still echoes in the halls of Pietà. Meanwhile the Chancellor of the Exchequer (or the man who would occupy that position if it existed in Maltese politics) has gone all funny laughing off an incident about his maid not having been a registered worker. In a case of foot in mouth worthy of a nationalist party secretary general Tonio really has pulled all the shots in this one. I can sympathise with Tonio having registered a maid in Luxembourg myself only to have her f-off after two sessions and live off my taxes (I still had to pay her) while she enjoyed the whole incubation period of her latest offspring. I found out later that it was a scam perpetrated by many a maid in Luxembourg (in collaboration with doctors) and that honest tax payers like myself would often find themselves paying social security for registered maids who never ever turned up for work. But back to Tonio – it’s just not done is it? Not by a minister. What is this world coming to? Next we’ll have an association of contractors with a convicted criminal as secretary or something of that sort.

3. Disset Axed

Then there was the nationalist outpost known as PBS. We hesitated tagging this label before but now that the only two current affairs programs on national television are … wait for it… Bondiplus and Xarabank we cannot but go along with our original suspicions. There is no explaining why PBS’s only remaining investigative and informative programme would be axed unless there was a dire need to REALLY make it a one note band. We’re really looking forward to a season of Bondipluses regaling us with the oh so interesting story of attempts to dive into the Etna or about the farmer who has homosexual chickens that can play the guitar while ringing a bell. You know what I mean. Speaking of Bondiplus, the subject least tackled on the programme last year is back in the courts. Plategate continued today with a new, drier examination of testimonies – bafflingly 6 months have gone by and the Times reporter still cannot tell the difference between a blog and a post. Ah these paragons of reporting.

4. Gandir Malta

If you do not have it on facebook add it – Gandir Malta (Ahbarijiet tan-nejk minn Malta). It is busy doing to Maltastar and Maltese news in general what J’accuse used to do a while back when we had more time. We love the humour and we really dig the vibe. Keep it up Gandir!

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PerjuryGate – Justine's Dilemma

There’s one more thing that’s been at the back of my mind in this Chris Said saga. It took Justine Caruana quite some time to distance herself from the perjury challenge that was made by her client. We then got Roberto Montalto explaining to the press that “his client’s decision was not a personal vendetta against Dr Said but simply a necessary step in his battle to gain custody of his only child”. It is not that easy to separate the political from the legal in this matter given the position held by Chris Said and given the way the Labour leader tried to gain whatever political mileage could be had from the issue at the first opportunity.

The nagging thought I have had relates to both the legal and the political side of the matter. I need to give you a hypothetical case for you to see this clearer. Imagine (just imagine) we were talking about theft or (heaven forbid) a more grievous crime such as murder. Imagine (just imagine) that we had a similar case but instead of perjury, a Parliamentary Secretary is being accused of theft or murder. Now imagine you were a lawyer whose client is claiming that the PS is guilty of one of these crimes and that you also happened to be a member of parliament for the opposition party.

You’d have two options available:

(1) In the first option you would be the one to strongly pursue the allegation because (a) you believe it and (b) it is your duty both towards your client as well as towards society to uncover the criminal acts of a representative of the people currently entrusted with governmental responsibilities.

(2) On the other hand you may feel that the accusation is actually not well-grounded and that being identified as the initiator of such an accusation would not have very good repercussions on your political career in the long term – so you make sure that you are not identified with such an accusation.

Legally this argument is not relevant since it is a lawyer’s duty to inform the client of his options and repercussions of such options but in the end he will take whatever action (within the boundaries of ethics) that the client requires.

Politically though the argument is important. In tis cynical age, there is much mileage to be made by a politician who actually uncovers the misdeeds of another politician. The graver the accusation the greater the duty of the politician to uncover it if he or she believes that this is the truth.  Even without the cynicism though there is much to be said in favour of the politician uncovering this kind of truth as a duty towards society. Politically this is the work of the servants of the people, ensuring that anybody else posing as as servant of the people is not tainted with a criminal record that could put into question his ability to handle his public duties.

So the nagging thought I have is this. We have Joseph Muscat trying to gain short-term brownie points BEFORE the actual case is decided by tut-tutting at Gonzi’s rashness to back his PS. At the same time though, we have Justine Caruana who is extremely eager to create an ocean between herself and the case in question – we are led to presume that this is because she is not entirely convinced that Said is actually in the business of the crime of perjury.

Can we presume that she believes that his was a genuine mistake that opened a window of opportunity for Mr Xuereb and his new lawyer to try their luck with a very wide interpretation of the law? Incidentally, the luck starts and ends with the right to institute proceedings for perjury – i.e. no need of very high level of proof at that stage pace the Criminal Court – once the actual perjury proceedings start Mr Xuereb’s lawyer might find that judges will require stronger arguments than “this is not a vendetta”.

The nagging thought is that if Justine were certain that the perjury proceedings would be successful (having been Mr Xuereb’s lawyer throughout the civil side of proceedings) she would be squarely behind her client in that step too – if not legally as his representative (for whatever reasons she may have) then politically. There is nothing wrong with Justine Caruana the politician distancing herself from the proceedings – nothing at all. She is fully entitled to do so. In doing so though, the political message she sends to many (and that she should have insisted upon with her dear leader) is that behind this cloud of smoke there lies nothing much. At least nothing that a politician acting in good faith would deem worth pursuing in the courts of law and taking up in the political forum.

There. Now we wait for the courts to get moving on Tuesday.

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J'accuse : The Forces of Daftness

Thursday night I watched a great documentary called Teenage Revolution on Channel 4. In it, stand-up comedian Alan Davies charts the political, social and cultural upheavals in the UK of the eighties. During the programme, Davies chooses to interview the then Labour leader (now Lord) Neil Kinnock, who was busy with a revolution of his own. At the time, the Labour Party was in turmoil and, as Gladys Kinnock (Neil’s wife) pointed out, “there was a feeling that the Labour Party was in danger of going under and that people where in absolute denial about where they actually stood as a party”. Kinnock explained how he had to battle the “short-term egos” – the ones he would describe in a historic speech at the 1985 party conference as “those who – in mockery of history and poverty of purpose – like to call themselves Social Democrats” and who, according to Kinnock, offered no means of progress because “they neither pacify Labour’s enemies nor inspire Labour’s friends”.

Kinnock was attempting a purge of his own. In the documentary he describes his opponents of the moment as “The Forces of Daftness”. He challenged them head-on at the 1985 conference: “You start with far-fetched resolutions, pickled into a rigid dogma or code and you go three years sticking to that, outdated, misplaced, irrelevant to the real needs and you end up in the grotesque chaos (…)”.

‘Sed libera nos a malo’ (Deliver us from evil)

Hardline extremists would have none of it. Eric Heffer, a Liverpudlian left-winger, felt aggrieved by what he deemed to be Kinnock’s attack on Liverpool Council and walked out in protest. In his interview with Davies, Kinnock points out that later on, when Heffer was on the point of dying, he told Kinnock: “You should be dying not me” – which only goes to show that it is not just in Malta that there are people (not just political) who are incapable of separating political grudges from personal hatred and who end up wishing the most despicable of things on their opponents long after they have left the scene.

Kinnock was battling against a species of extreme socialism that was grounded in the belief that the solution would be born of the deepening and widening of the suffering among the people. The slogan for the ultra-left was “it’s gotta get more grey before it gets more red”. Kinnock describes this movement as “infantile leftism” (a term originally used by Lenin) and at the time warned of the dangers posed by those “for whom politics is a diversion from undergraduate boredom or postgraduate senility”. Kinnock went on to win the battle in the party but not the next national election. He closed the 1985 conference with a messianic call: “We’ve got to win. Not for our sakes, but to deliver the British people from evil. Let’s do it.”

Still doing it (25 years on)

Politicians who present themselves as some form of messiah saving the world from evil have a long and hard trek trying to put their money where their mouth is. Just look at Obama and Blair. We have not been spared any of these shenanigans on our islands, of course. Last week we witnessed an ugly exchange between the main exponents of two very particular tribes in Malta – those who believe that we had a “Salvatur ta’ Malta” and those “Egging On for a Funeral Praesente Cadavere just to make sure he’s dead” and it’s not as if there is a lack of contenders for the throne of New Saviour.

Malta’s Labour has been belatedly going through the motions of renovation. A slap of paint there, a think-tank here and soon we will also have a kitschy new logo to adorn the flags of the fawning fanatics. You can distinctly perceive the message of “it must get more grey before it gets red” in the manner by which the Labourites go about their mission. It is patently obvious that with or without a bumbling, populist Nationalist Party living in denial of its representational obligations, this Labour Party would still be attempting a reinvention of the Maltese story – with the culmination being the dark ages of nationalist governance and of how The New Saviour – Inhobbkom Joseph – will deliver us from all evil.

Unfortunately, the more time that passes, the more we get to notice that what previously featured as hope (for those fleeting months post his election as il-Lijder) is now being uncovered as a 21st version of infantile leftism, packaged in a quickly assembled hamper of empty slogans, insubstantial

proposals and the kind of populism usually associated with the badly formed Nationalist rookies that populate Dar Centrali in Pietà. In other words, the Labour Party is busy depicting an axis of evil there where there is none, and painting the country grey in the wrongful hope that this will suffice to bring The Great Leader to power. On its path to this supposed redemption, it is committing error of judgement after error of judgement and only exposing the crass amateurism that is fuelled by short-term ego trips and misplaced ambition. Labour’s promise is not a new age once the Nationalists are long past their sell-by date but an era that will be a cornucopia of presents such as “poverty of purpose”, “the mockery of history” and the vacuum of a clear direction.

‘Crimen falsi’ (Crime of deceit)

Daftness and its forces are prone to act rashly in order to achieve their short-term objectives. This week’s saga, prompted by the resignation of Chris Said as Parliamentary Secretary, gave us much to ponder. Whether or not there is a direct political link between the origin of the happenings in court and the political maelstrom that followed will in fact be up to the people to decide – as Chris Said stated at his press conference. The issue though, is whether the judgement of the people – at least insofar as the political element is concerned – is allowed to run its normal course or whether those who are interested in painting a grey picture engage in the business of cultivating ignorance.

The farming and cultivation of ignorance is a speciality of those in power and of those who would love to achieve it. It is why our political parties hold on to their broadcasting facilities as if their life depends on them. It does. I do not mean “ignorance” in a denigratory manner but in the sense of “the veiling of the truth”. A people that is deliberately kept ignorant of the facts or fed half-truths cannot ever be in a position to pass political judgement, even more so if the political judgement is dependent on a clear understanding of the workings of the law with all its procedures and elements.

Listening to the Labour mouthpieces you would be forgiven for believing that the Criminal Court judgement that led to Chris Said’s resignation had already found him guilty of the “crimen falsi” or perjury. The rushed popular judgements and counter-judgements were not aided in any way by the performance of certain elements among the representatives of the people. Sure, had I been the Prime Minister I would have avoided appending the equivalent of a political “get well soon” when accepting Chris Said’s resignation. It is, however, a huge leap from that lack of tact to the allegations of prime ministerial interference in judicial autonomy and independence.

V for Vendetta

Joseph Muscat opted for the “very worried” (“ninstab imhasseb”) stance with regard to the Prime Minister’s wishes of a speedy return to the governmental fold. Over at J’accuse we were also deeply worried. What worried us mostly was the Pharisee-like zeal displayed by the prime minister-in-waiting that was contemporaneous with the obvious fact that he had not given the slightest of legal considerations to the actual weight of the perjury accusations. Given the choice between fuzzy grey and transparent clarity, Muscat will blindly leap into the grey any day if it serves his purpose.

The journalist who posed the question regarding Justyne Caruana’s involvement in the case opened up another can of worms as the honorary member from the Isle of Calypso slowly (very slowly) moved to deny her direct involvement in the perjury proceedings. There was something amiss, though. And strangely not many in the fourth estate were willing to go beyond taking the politician’s various assertions at face value (that would be “prima facie”, no?).

So back to the case. It’s a mother who just lost control of her still breastfeeding infant. Try not to lose yourself in the emotion and the passion of it all. Simply focus on the case. Enter Chris Said – the mum’s lawyer. He files an urgent rikors (application) before the Magistrates’ Courts requesting that the child be entrusted to the care of the mother (not “custody” which has far greater legal implications). The rikors lists the points of urgency among which is the fact that the mother needs to have the child because it is still being breastfed. For some reason, the first court to receive the rikors ignored the urgency pleas and set up the first sitting for three weeks later. As the lawyer of a desperate mother seeking immediate access to her offspring, Said had one option. He withdrew the first rikors and filed a second before the Magistrates’ Courts in the hope that the plea of urgency be held (an action that is incidentally not prohibited by the Code of Ethics).

In this case it worked – and the mother was entrusted with the child – not with the custody thereof which remained joint.

At one point the mother decides to institute a case for permanent custody and it is in this case that Chris Said’s testimony is required. By this time Chris Said is no longer the mother’s lawyer and has also become Parliamentary Secretary but he is called to bear witness about the historic events of the case. The father’s lawyer is Justyne Caruana. It is at this point when Chris Said states that “during an evening sitting the Court decided that the baby be returned to my client”. Interestingly, this happens during the hearing of witnesses. At this point, if Caruana had any doubts as to the veracity of the time of the sitting she was within her power to challenge Chris Said’s statement during cross-examination. Had it been relevant to the proceedings she probably would have. But she did not.

What happens next is interesting. The custody is awarded to the mother by the court and there is an appeal from that decision. In the meantime, the father requests the police to investigate a possible perjury by Chris Said. When the police refuse he opens a new application before the Court of Magistrates. In this case the application is signed by the father – not his lawyer at that point – and as I argue in the post entitled “The Leap of Faith” (see blog), it is hard to believe that this application is made on the sole initiative of the applicant without any advice from his legal counsel in the custody case. The court is not actually being asked to investigate the existence or otherwise of perjury but has been called upon to decide whether the police were right not to institute proceedings for perjury themselves (article 541 of the Criminal Code). The Court of Magistrates found that there were insufficient grounds for such proceedings and rejected the application.

Which brings us to the Criminal Court that decides upon the application challenging the Magistrates’ Court decision. That is the Criminal Court decision of the 23rd September 2010 by which time Roberto Montalto is definitely the father’s representative. This court went into the legal issue of what amount of proof is necessary in order to convince a court to order the police to institute proceedings. There is much ground for legal arguments here – and very interesting arguments at that – but at this point it is worth noting that the court chose to order the police to institute proceedings. Which means that the matter of the existence of Chris Said’s error in deposition will now become subject to a court decision of whether or not it constitutes perjury.

‘Legum servi summus’ (We are slaves of the law)

We are all servants of the law so that we may be free. I invite readers to join me on the blog for further elaboration for I have long run out of space here. Ours is not the first society in which politicians and lawyers mix their professions for the sake of their short-term advancement – just ask Cicero. We are the people being asked to judge each step for what it is. There is the distinct professional matter of Chris Said being accused of perjury (coupled with all the colourful courts dabbling in the questionable politics of guilt by association viz: Tasteyourownmedicine who are being so disgustingly true to their promise – we only have their inspiration to thank). In that we hope that the law will serve its purpose and give us a clear result.

There is also more than a hint of suspicion that the Labour Party is trying to make a meal out of the whole issue long before it reaches its legal end – and a final judgement. The reason may be that they know full well that once the court speaks its final words they might find very little fodder for their zealous machines. Now is the time of mud-slinging politics and the no-holds barred methods that are prepared to put a person’s career on the line as collateral damage for the greater cause.

Consider these facts (1) the parliamentary hullabaloo on Justyne Caruana’s vote –misheard by many – occurred on the eve of the 7th of May. (2) The original application relating to the perjury charges was filed on the 9th of May. (3) By 28th August ONE TV news was reporting the fact as though Chris Said had already been found guilty of perjury (Chris eventually threatened to sue for libel). Those are all factual statements – deal with them as best you deem fit.

It is times like these that make it abundantly clear to all that the PLPN grip on knowledge and information is detrimental to the health and sanity of this democracy of ours.

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